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Civil War Wiki
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===Lieutenant General promotion=== After the Confederate defeat at [[Chattanooga Campaign|Chattanooga]], President Lincoln promoted Grant to a special regular army rank, [[Lieutenant General (United States)|Lieutenant General]], authorized by Congress on March 2, 1864. This rank had previously been awarded two other times, a full rank to [[George Washington]] and a Brevet rank to [[Winfield Scott]]. President Lincoln was reluctant to award the promotion, until informed that Grant was not seeking to be a candidate in the [[United States presidential election, 1864|Presidential Election of 1864]]. With the new rank, Grant moved his headquarters to the east and installed his friend Maj. Gen. Sherman as Commander of the Western Armies. President Lincoln and Grant met together in Washington and devised "total war" plans that struck at the heart of the Confederacy, including military, railroad, and economic [[infrastructures]]. No longer refugees, [[African Americans]], were now incorporated into the Union Army as trained soldiers, taking away the Confederacy's labor force. The two primary objectives in the plans were to defeat Robert E. Lee's Army of Virginia and [[Joseph E. Johnston]]'s [[Army of Tennessee]]. They would attack the Confederacy from multiple directions: the Union Army of the Potomac, led by [[George G. Meade]], would attack Lee's [[Army of Northern Virginia]]; [[Benjamin Franklin Butler (politician)|Benjamin Butler]] would attack south of Richmond from the James River; Sherman would attack Johnson's army in Georgia; [[George Crook]] and [[William W. Averell]] would destroy railroad supply lines in West Virginia. [[Nathaniel P. Banks]] was to capture Mobile, Alabama. Franz Sigel was to guard the Baltimore and Ohio railroad and advance in the [[Shenandoah Valley]]. Grant would command all the Union army forces while in the field with Meade and the Army of the Potomac.<ref>Catton (1969), '''''Grant Takes Command''''', Chapter 8</ref><ref>McFeely (2002), ''Grant: A Biography'', pp. 162-163 -- According to McFeely, "Lincoln wisely obtained from Grant a disclaimer of any hope of a hasty move to the White House."; pp. 180-181 During Sherman's southern campaign African Americans were employed and conscripted as soldiers into the Union Army.</ref> [[File:GenUSGrant.jpg|thumb|200px|right|<center>'''Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant'''</center>]]
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