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{{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict=Gallinas Massacre |partof=the [[American Civil War]],<br/>[[Apache Wars]] |image==[[File:Apache Ambush.gif|200px]] |caption=''An Apache, waiting for an ambush.'' |date=September 2, 1861 |place=[[Cibola National Forest|Gallinas Mountains]], [[Arizona Territory (CSA)|Confederate Arizona]]<br/>Modern Day: [[Lincoln County, New Mexico]] |coordinates= |result=Apache victory |combatant1={{flagicon|Confederate States of America|1861c}} [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]] |combatant2=[[Apache]] |commander1= |commander2= |strength1=4 [[dragoon|cavalry]] |strength2=~30 [[warrior]]s |casualties1=3 killed |casualties2=unknown }} {{Campaignbox Apache Wars}} {{Campaignbox Battles in Confederate Arizona}} The '''Gallinas Massacre''' or the '''Gallinas Mountains Massacre''' was an engagement in the [[Apache Wars]] between a war party of [[Chiricahua]] [[Apache]] [[warrior]]s and four [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] soldiers in the [[Cibola National Forest|Gallinas Mountains]] of [[Confederate Arizona]], now within the present day [[New Mexico]]. ==Massacre== On September 1, 1861, at [[Fort Stanton]], Confederate [[Lieutenant]] [[John Pulliam]] dispatched four of his men from the [[Army of New Mexico]] to the Gallinas Mountains, a day's ride away. Their objective was to watch for any approching Union forces. Lieutenant Pulliam orderd the men to make [[Military camp|camp]] a safe distance from the spring in the mountains. Not fearing attack, the four ignored this order and camped just a 100 yards distance from the creek in a heavily wooded area. The four men were T. G. Pemberton, [[Joseph V. Mosse]], [[Joseph Emmanacker]] and [[Floyd A. Sanders]]. It is not known which of the four was in command. After making the ride to the Gallinas Mountains, the Confederates made their camp. The next morning, at breakfeast time, three Apaches were seen running through the surrounding [[pine tree]]s. Immediately breakfeast was stopped and the men [[saddle]]d their horses. [[File:Pinus pinaster.jpg|200px|left|thumb|A pine forest.]] At this time, a shower of [[arrow]]s rained down upon the rebels from about thirty Apaches who had surrounded the camp. The four dismounted and took cover behind the pines and then attempted to shoot their [[musket]]s. To much surprise, all of the four weapons failed to fire. This suggests that either the Apaches had tampered with the Confederate muskets during the night, or mountain [[dew]] had wet their [[gun powder]]. The rebels drew their [[revolver]]s. The ensuing [[skirmish]] lasted for almost two hours. By that time, Mosse, Emmanacker and Pemberton were dead. Floyd Sanders, left to fight alone, took up Mosse's horse, mounted, and escaped by riding down an almost vertical mountainside. The Apaches pursued him in a running fight which went on for ten miles. This account was what Floyd Sanders reported to Lieutenant Pulliam upon arriving back at Fort Stanton. Apache casualties are unknown. ==Aftermath== Within the next couple of days, a Confederate force of fifteen men proceeded to the Gallinas Mountains; there they recovered the remains of Mosse and Emmanacker. Pemberton's body was never found. The rebels made it back to Fort Stanton on September 8, that same evening, Lieutenant Pulliam would be dispatched with fifteen men to [[Placito, New Mexico|Placito]], to [[Battle of Placito|fight]] the Apache there. [[File:Fort Stanton.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Fort Stanton]] ==See also== *[[American Indian Wars]] *[[American Civil War]] *[[New Mexico Campaign]] ==References== * Thompson, Jerry Don, ''Colonel John Robert Baylor: Texas Indian Fighter and Confederate Soldier.'' Hillsboro, Texas: Hill Junior College Press, 1971. * Katheder, Thomas, ''The Baylors of Newmarket: The Decline and Fall of a Virginia Planter Family.'' New York and Bloomington, Ind., 2009. *{{cite book|last=Josephy|first=Alvin M., Jr.|title=War on the Frontier: The Trans-Mississippi West|year=1986|publisher=Time-Life Books|location=Alexandria, Va.|isbn=0-8094-4780-0}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} *[http://fortstanton.com/history.htm Friends of Fort Stanton historical page] *[http://www.billybyway.com/fort-stanton-a.html Fort Stanton, Lincoln County New Mexico] *[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/amsw/sw57.htm American Southwest, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary] *[http://www.aerc.org/Photo_Gallery/FS2005/cave/Fort_Stanton_Cave.html AERC.org: Fort Stanton Cave] (slideshow) {{coord missing|United States|conflict=yes}} [[Category:1861 in the United States]] [[Category:Battles of the Confederate Occupation of New Mexico of the American Civil War]] [[Category:Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War|Gallinas]] [[Category:New Mexico in the American Civil War]] [[Category:Lincoln County, New Mexico]] [[Category:Battles involving the Apache|Gallinas Massacre]] [[Category:Native American history of New Mexico]] [[Category:Massacres by Native Americans]]
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